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Đàn bầu : ウィキペディア英語版
Đàn bầu

The đàn bầu (; "gourd lute"; 彈匏) also đàn độc huyền (or độc huyền cầm ) is a Vietnamese stringed instrument, in the form of a monochord (one-string) zither.〔Terry E. Miller, Sean Williams ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Southeast Asia: Volume 4'' 1998, reprinted ''The Garland handbook of Southeast Asian music'' 2008 Page 261 "The đàn bầu is played solo or to accompany folk songs, tales, and epics. It has had a remarkable history. Discriminated against at times, it has been an instrument of blind street beggars, yet it was also an instrument of choice at the Tran imperial court (1225-1400)."〕〔Audrey Seah, Charissa M. Nair, ''Vietnam'', Marshall Cavendish, 2004. p. 74.〕
==History==
While the earliest written records of the dan bau date its origin to 1770, many scholars estimate its age to be up to one thousand years older than that. A popular legend of its beginning tells of a blind woman playing it in the market to earn a living for her family while her husband was at war. Whether this tale is based in fact or not, it remains true that the dan bau has historically been played by blind musicians. Until recent times, its soft volume limited the musical contexts in which it could be used. The dan bau, played solo, is central to Vietnamese folk music, a genre still popular today in the country. Its other traditional application is as an accompaniment to poetry readings. With the invention of the magnetic pickup, the usage of the dan bau spread to ensembles and also to contemporary Asian pop and rock music. Now, electronics designed for the electric guitar are sometimes employed with the dan bau to further expand its tonal palate.〔Dale Alan Olsen -''Popular music of Vietnam: the politics of remembering'' 2008 Page 50 "In the summer of 2005 I specifically asked Hồng Nhung about my analysis of her style: D.O.: Are you influenced by ca trù, đàn bầu, the improvisatory instrumental style of water puppet theater, or other northern Vietnamese traditional music styles?"〕

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